Employee Motivation Role in Modern Management - 581 Words

Employee Motivation: Role in Modern Management Motivation as a word draws its authentic meaning from the Latin word ‘movere’ meaning to move. Motivation transitions us from a dull state to being enthusiastic and interested. As a positive and implicit force, motivation shapes the path of our behavior, energizes the behavior and elicits the normality to uphold it. The definition clearly points out that an individual must be passably energized and enthused and must be willing to patiently and enduringly implement their energy in realizing the set goals. While motivation may seem like a personal call, managers should not presume that their labor force would naturally tap in and individually attend to the call. Therefore, the first elementary roles of managers should be to motivate the labor force to work toward realizing the firm’s goals and their individual goals. In an attempt to motivate employees, managers must first realize that for people to perform better, the surrounding environment must suit their centra l emotional drive to obtain, understand, relate and defend (Nohria, Gryosberg and Lee, 2008). The goal centers on the manager’s aptitude to learn his employees and then embrace techniques that will stir motivation upon them. Modern management entails hiring labor force with relevant skills in meticulous areas than the manager’s. The manager then clearly defines the job specifications and expectations to the employee so that their skills and knowledge are aligned withShow MoreRelatedEmployee Motivation: Role in Modern Management600 Words   |  3 PagesEmployee Motivation: Role in Modern Management Surviving the existing competition and remaining profitable and relevant in the market is a challenge faced by every enterprise. In order to achieve this, different methodologies are available for use by different companies. One such avenue, which is probably the most productive, is the motivation of employees. Motivation refers to the creation of a friendly environment and provision of conditions that challenge the workforce to be better at their jobRead MoreEmployee Motivation: Role in Modern Management556 Words   |  2 PagesEmployee Motivation: Role in Modern Management Modern management aims at using and manipulating mathematical models to better understand the inter-relationship between employees and the employers in all aspects (Certo Certo, 2013). The primary goal of modern management theories is to ensure the interrelationship between these factors is maximised for the benefit of the organisation. Motivation, from a general perspective, is the intrinsic drive that leads a person to take a certain course of actionRead MoreThe Importance Of Management At A Great Manager1080 Words   |  5 PagesThe Importance of Management Management is very important to any organization. There are many different types, levels, and styles of management. Organizational goals are created and achieved through management. As defined by Robbins, De Cenzo, and Coulter (2015), management is â€Å"the process of getting things done, effectively and efficiently, through and with other people† (p. 8). There are four functions managers perform in order to effectively and efficiently achieve goals. The four functionsRead MoreHuman Resource Management And Its Importance1517 Words   |  7 PagesEffective human resource management has become a key organizational development and success. In 1991, the United States, IBM and Tower Perrin consulting firm jointly nearly 3,000 senior human resources manager and chief executive officer (CEO) were investigated. As a result, 70% of the human resource management as organizational success the key, more than 90 percent expect to HR 2000 will be an important sector enterprises. In t he field of management, human resources management has become an importantRead MoreOutsourcing : Human Resource Activities1299 Words   |  6 PagesOutsourcing: This explains that in modern-day organizations there has been need to outsource some human resource activities to some other organizations to carry out. Citing Powell (Snell 1999) states that given pressures for management to be both efficiency and flexibility, firms are exploring the use of different employment modes to allocate tasks. (Snell 1999) further states that apart from having to use internal full-time employees, organizations today are increasingly depending on external workersRead MoreThe Challenges Of Leadership During The Modern World1412 Words   |  6 PagesBennis, W. (2007). The challenges of leadership in the modern world: introduction to the special issue. American Psychologist, 62(1), 2-5 This article covers a survey of contemporary trends in leadership. 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In this short report, a few models that have been studied, and how they work within a software-based company,Read MoreThe Inner Drive of Motivation984 Words   |  4 PagesMotivation is simply means an inner drive to behave or act in a certain manner. To relate Organization and Human Resource, motivation is defined as the processes that account for an individual’s intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal. There are three key elements of motivation, which are intensity, direction, and persistence. Intensity is refers to how hard a person tries on something. Direction is the orientation, path or g uideline that benefits the organizationRead MoreFunctions, Roles, And Activities Of Managers881 Words   |  4 PagesExplain the functions, roles, and activities of managers. Research two companies within the last 3-years, not described in the book, and discuss what managerial characteristics were essential to lead change. Controlling, coordinating, staffing, and planning are the key functions that managers play in an organization (Lussier, 2012). Managers control and coordinate resources to achieve set goals and objectives. They are involved in both the formulation and implementation of strategies in the organizationRead MoreArgument of Hr1723 Words   |  7 Pagesunderstand the important position in the development of a enterprise. In modern times, HR has been promoted to a high degree of enterprise development strategies and plays more and more important roles in the development of enterprises. In the modern business management, HR is the core position. It is important for a wise leader to consider HR as the main part and power of the management. Because of the important role of HR, the human resources managers are demanded to have professional skills

Human Resource Sergeants ( Hr Sergeants ) - 993 Words

The question we must ask ourselves is what exactly the Profession of Arms is and what is our role as Human Resource Sergeants (HR Sergeants) what is it that we bring to the fight, what’s our contribution to the Army’s overall objective. As we emerge from years of war, from constant back to back deployments to Afghanistan and Iraq, we find ourselves in an era of persistent conflicts where we find ourselves embroiled in conflicts all around the world. In a world that seems more dangerous today than it was yesterday it is important we remain vigilant and remain capable of fighting and winning our nations wars. We must never forget the ethics instilled upon us by the Army. We must hold fast to our Army Values to which our profession is†¦show more content†¦As Human Resource Professionals our core competencies our very profession places us at the very heart of the profession of arms. HR Soldiers impact Soldiers careers every day. The Balancing Role of the Professional’s Leader: Balancing the role of the Professional Leader has been an ongoing issue for the Army since the latter decades of the 19th century when the U.S. Army was professionalized. The Army has struggled with the matter of balancing a force as massive as the Army. When out of balance the Army does not have the capability to send Soldiers where they are needed. During the Second War in Iraq it was obvious that the Army was not upholding this balance, junior leaders in the Army were fighting against a counterinsurgency campaign that they were ill prepared to handle due to a lack of necessary experience and equipment. Army leaders must balance the link between the Army’s culture and it’s climate and institutional practices. When there is a proper balance it has a huge impact on the mindset of the Army’s Soldiers. Their actions or inactions impacts the five key attributes of the profession, and the four fields of expertise, and have long term effects on the Army’s culture and climate. These actions influence Soldiers’ perceptions that they are serving professional who have answered the call of service to the republic, it is important that Soldiers understand that their role is a calling and not just a job. The ArmyShow MoreRelatedProfession Of Arms Paper878 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿The Human Resources Sergeant plays a vital role in the Army Profession of Arms. An Army professional must have various attributes of good character and leadership skills and the â€Å"Be, Know, Do† qualities to be called a profession at all. All leaders must embrace the challenge of balancing multiple responsibilities at once within their profession in order to accomplish any mission. As a United States Army Human Resources Sergeants, we must always consider the culture of the Army and its ProfessionRead MoreThe Profession Of Arms : An Effective Leader And Trainer1048 Words   |  5 Pagesof trust with the public, the force itself and any potential recruits. The HR Sergeant and the AG corps professionalism are paramount to the force. The human resources soldier is responsible for a wide variety of tasks. Pay, leave, orders, and awards; strength reporting are some of the most critical operations in the military. These activities affect the moral and ability of the warfighter to do their specific jobs. The HR professional must have theimplicit trust of the soldier in the field that theyRead MoreProfessional Soldier : A Review1018 Words   |  5 Pagescare of all administrative concerns to alleviate stress on the Soldier and the families. In this essay we will talk about what it means to be a Profession, the balancing role of the Profession’s leader, the Army Professional culture and the Human Resources Sergeant’s role within the Army Profession. We must first look at what a Profession is and if the Army is really considered a Profession. Think of medicine, law, theology and the military. We see a group of people who are highly valued in everyRead MoreMy Resume672 Words   |  3 Pagesknowledge and skills to higher level and put it to good use. Background and Skills †¢ Exposure in Human Resource, Freight Forwarding and Secretarial Work based on working experience. †¢ Exposure to human resource work processes, supply chain management, logistics management and transportation, human factors engineering and consumer psychology. †¢ Experience in human resource, events, customer service, warehousing, transshipment, lean manufacturing and six sigma, supply chain managementRead MoreOrganizational Change Of A Lean Six Sigma1440 Words   |  6 Pagesover 100 projects were completed with a reported savings of over $30 million dollars for the taxpayers over an 8 year span. A city wide training program took place that involved selected members of every city department. The director of Human Resources had been an accomplished champion of Lean Six Sigma projects in the private sector for numerous companies and helped bring in corporate leaders to assist in projects. Citizens were thought of as customers and the end goal of all the projectsRead MoreRecruitment and Selection-External Environment3011 Words   |  13 Pagesemployees. One of the most popular recruitment methods refers to e- recruitment. The hospital should take the advantages of the e-recruitment as much as possible. More importantly, the report would give a set of procedures for TEMC to improve the RSP. Human resource planning and job analysis are the foundation of the recruitment and selection process. Finally, this report would give some recommendation for the hospital in terms of the recruitment, selection and placement. Introduction: The research revealedRead MoreEssay Paper84499 Words   |  338 Pagesestablishment of command and local forms are prohibited without prior approval from the Deputy Chief of Staff, G–1 (DAPE–HR–L), 300 Army Pentagon, Washington, DC 20310–0300. Suggested improvements. Users are invited to send comments and suggested improvements on DA Form 2028 (Recommended Changes to Publications and Blank Forms) directly to the Deputy Chief of Staff, G–1 (DAPE–HR–L), 300 Army Pentagon, Washington, DC 20310–0300. Distribution. Distribution of this publication is available in electronicRead MoreThe Advancement of Women and Minorities in the Workplace2363 Words   |  10 PagesThe Advancement of Women and Minorities in the Workplace HR 491 Senior Seminar in Human Resources Development Park University Within any organization there is a chain of command. Someone always out ranks someone else. In today’s workplace, issue like discrimination, harassment, and racism, are subjects that we as employees don’t want to believe are happening, and more so, hope they never happen to us. 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An Analysis of the Observed Heterozygosity of Lake Trout Free Essays

An analysis of the observed heterozygosity of Lake Trout populations from three lakes: Devil, Eagle, and Loughborough, inferred from microsatellite genotypes. Abstract: This study was undertaken in order to compare the heterozygosity of three Lake Trout populations at various loci. Samples of twenty-five Lake Trout were collected from three lakes: Devil, Eagle and Loughborough, all three of which are situated north of Kingston, Ontario. We will write a custom essay sample on An Analysis of the Observed Heterozygosity of Lake Trout or any similar topic only for you Order Now An autoradiograph was used to analyze the genotypes of the individuals at six different loci of microsatellites, which are repeat sequences in the DNA that are neutral and do not code for proteins. This data was used to compare the genetic diversity of the three different trout populations. Numerical values for observed heterozygosity (Ho) were then generated using the data and the Doh heterozygosity calculator. The results have indicated that the mean heterozygosity in respect of Devil Lake trout was significantly greater than that of the trout in Eagle Lake (p=2. 89E-7) as well as that of Loughborough Lake (p=1. 44E-19). Furthermore, the mean heterozygosity for Eagle Lake trout was significantly greater than that of Loughborough Lake (p=2. 2E-6). This may be due to the fact that natural selection acts as a force to cause inbreeding to eliminate harmful genes causing low heterozygosity in a population. In addition, human and natural effects occurring in the lakes, for example, fishing and water temperature may cause differences in heterozygosity. Understanding and using these findings may help with sustaining fish populations. Introduction: Heterozygosity is the measure of the genetic variation in a population at a particular gene locus. Genetic variation within a population is important in maintaining or increasing the fitness of members in the population and ultimately the survival of the species. Fitness describes the capability of an individual species of a certain genotype to reproduce, and is usually equal to the proportion of the individual’s genes in all the genes of the next generation. A positive correlation was found between the heterozygosity at the loci and the fitness (survival and maturation) of the fish, suggesting that heterozygosity is advantageous (Pujolar et al. 005). A heterozygote advantage describes the case in which the heterozygote genotype has a higher relative fitness than either the homozygote dominant or homozygote recessive genotype. An individual’s fitness is manifested through its phenotype, and the phenotype may be affected by both genes and environmental characteristics. One such characteristic that was observed to possibly have an effect on levels of heterozygosity in a population was the area in which the population lives. In an experiment conducted by Rowe et al. 1999) the heterozygosity of various populations of Natterjack Toads (Bufo calamita) found in several areas were compared, ultimately discovering a lower heterozygosity in a population that is isolated from others. Volckaert and Zouros (1989) conducted a study to measure genetic diversity levels in scallops (Placopecten magellanicus) and discovered levels of heterozygosity to be highest as age increased. Ferguson (1990) found similar information that affects diversity among rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and concluded that heterozygosity levels were proven to have a direct relationship between the sex, size and age of the fish. There are many factors that may affect the genetic diversity of a population. In particular, various events and environmental characteristics may affect the genetic diversity of Lake Trout. One factor may include fishing. This activity may cause the population of the fish to decrease at an unstable rate, thus this study will be undertaken to determine the many factors that may contribute influences to the genetic diversity of Lake Trout in three lakes: Devil, Eagle and Loughborough Lake. Using six microsatellite loci from 25 Lake Trout from all three lakes, observed heterozygosity values that act as an indicator for genetic diversity, will be obtained and analyzed. This data can be further used by analyzing and providing additional information about the influences of certain characteristics on population genetics. Results: Figure 1 illustrates that the lake with the greatest observed heterozygosity is Devil Lake. It was determined that the observed heterozygosity of Devil Lake is significantly greater than the observed heterozygosity of Loughborough Lake (p=1. 4E-19). The sample size for all 3 lakes was 25 Lake Trout. Figure 1. The graph illustrates the mean observed heterozygosity of the three lakes. The error bars represent standard deviation. Discussion: The conducted experiment involving heterozygosity of Lake Trout from Devil, Eagle and Loughborough Lake shows that there are significant differences between the three lakes. Devil Lake had the highest mean heteroz ygosity within its population, Eagle Lake heterozygosity was found to be in the middle and Loughborough Lake with the lowest. It was determined that the observed heterozygosity of Devil Lake was significantly greater than the observed heterozygosity of Loughborough Lake (p=1. 44E-19). The difference in the data set’s outcomes may be explained by a number of factors, such as natural selection, fishing and restocking the lake, and lake temperatures. All these factors may cause diversity in heterozygosity. The goal of an organism is to reproduce and pass their genes on to the next generation allowing the species to survive. The passing on of genetic material can be achieved through inbreeding or outbreeding. Inbreeding is the breeding amongst family or self; outbreeding is the breeding with members of the same species that are not closely related. It may be believed that inbreeding is not good for a population with such opinions being based on having seen the result of inbreeding in humans. Inbreeding as well as outbreeding, however, has both advantages and disadvantages. One advantage of inbreeding is its ability to depress the expression of recessive alleles (Ellstrand and Elam 1993). In a population with a damaging recessive allele, an individual may not seek to mate with anyone who potentially carries or expresses that allele. In this example the population might inbreed to decrease the heterozygosity in an attempt to remove the harmful gene. Mating within the family- when it is apparent that the family does not carry the detrimental allele, is more ideal in an evolutional prospective than putting the survival of that population at risk. In regards to Ellstrand and Elam’s study, this situation could occur in the Lake Trout from Loughborough causing the Lake Trout to have a lower mean heterozygosity. This Lake Trout population could be purging undesired alleles from its gene pool. One can conclude that not only does genetics have an effect on heterozygosity, but humans do as well. Another factor that may cause a loss of genetic diversity is fishing pressures. Smith et al (1990) suggested that fishing activities which concentrate on spawning populations differentially remove the older and more heterozygous individuals from the virgin stock. Previously stated, levels of heterozygosity are higher as age increases (Volckaert and Zouros 1989). Due to fishing, the amount of Lake Trout may decrease and there would be less fish. To fix the amounts of fish in the lakes, humans restock the lakes with hatchery fish (fish that are grown by humans and released into the wild). Evans et al. (1991) found that the human harvested fish tend to have lower genetic variation and actually decrease the fitness and survival of the native species. Loughborough Lake has the biggest population but the lowest heterozygosity. Compared to Eagle Lake and Devil Lake, most people from the Loughborough Lake area receive their income from fishing (Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources 1970). Excessive fishing depletes the amount of fish and creates the perceived need to continually restock the lake with fish. The practice of restocking the lake with hatchery fish may result in the large population of Lake Trout which would in turn decrease the heterozygosity of Loughborough Lake. There are other factors that may contribute to increase levels of heterozygosity in fish. One such characteristic that may increase levels of heterozygosity in fish is fluctuations in water temperature. Zimmerman and Richmond (1981) found that highly variable thermal regions demand for greater fitness. The fittest of fish are more heterozygous because they are able to survive in different temperatures. In Zimmerman and Richmond’s experiment, the greatest temperature fluctuation was 7Â °C, with the highest heterozygosity level of 49%. This trend may prove that the greater the temperature fluctuation, the greater the heterozygosity of a population living within the waters. The temperature fluctuations of the three lakes are: Devil Lake at 31Â °F, Eagle Lake at 21Â °F, and Loughborough Lake at 7Â °F (Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources 1970). These numbers correlate with the data by showing that Devil Lake with the highest temperature fluctuation has the greatest heterozygosity, whereas Loughborough Lake with the lowest temperature fluctuation has the lowest heterozygosity. The mean heterozygosity of Lake Trout from Devil Lake was significantly greater than that of trout from Eagle Lake, which was greater than that of Loughborough Lake. Potential reasons for genetic diversity may be caused by natural selection acting as a force to cause inbreeding to eliminate harmful genes, fishing in the lakes which then require the lakes to be restocked with hatchery fish, and thermal fluctuations that cause differences in heterozygosity. Further research and experiments specifically looking in depth at effects that causes genetic diversity should provide greater insight into why the heterozygosity in populations varies. Literature Cited: Ellstrand N. , Elam R. 1993. Population genetic consequences of small population size: implications of plant conservation. Annual Review of Ecological Systems. 24: 217-242. Evans D. , Casselman J. , Wilcox C. 1991. Effects of Exploitation, Loss of Nursery Habitat, and Stocking on the Dynamics and Productivity of Lake Trout Populations in Ontario Lakes. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 193: 1-3 Ferguson M. 1990. Enzyme Heterozygosity and growth in Rainbow Trout: Genetic and Physiological Explanations. The Genetical Society of Great Britain. 8: 115-122. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 1970. Map of Eagle Lake. Map of Loughborough Lake. Map of Devil Lake. Queen’s University Map and Air Photo Library. 613. Pujolar J. , Maes G. , Vancoillie C. , Volckaert F. 2005. Growth Rate Correlates to Individual Heterozygosity in the European Eel, Anguilla Anguilla L. Evolution. 59: 189-199. Rowe G. , Beebee T. , Burke T. 1999. Microsatellite heterozygosity, fitness and demography in natterjack toads Bufo cala mita. Animal Conservation. 2: 85-92. Smith P. Francis R. , McVeagh M. 1991. Loss of Genetic Diversity due to Fishing Pressure. Fisheries Research. 10: 309-316. Volckaert F. , Zouros E. 1989. Allozyme and physiological variation in the scallop Placopecten magellanicus and a general model for the effects of heterozygosity on fitness in marine molluscs. Marine Biology. 103: 51-61 Zimmerman G. , Richmond M. 1981. Increased Heterozygosity at the Mdh-B Locus in Fish Inhabiting a Rapidly Fluctuating Thermal Environment. American Fisheries Society. 110: 410-416 How to cite An Analysis of the Observed Heterozygosity of Lake Trout, Essay examples

Role of Social Media to Develop Multinational Organization

Question: Write an academic essay on the following topic: - How can Social Media such as LickedIn, Facebook and twitter be used to improve knowledge sharing, build social capital, support innovation and aid problem solving in a multinational corporation. - Discuss the associated risks and benefits for this context. Answer: 1. Introduction The social media is a platform where millions of people interact with each other daily. It was not very long ago that this platform was used by only a few people, or who are experts in the field. Standing at this point it can be said that this has taken up the time of almost every individual. There are three top social media networks that have the largest number of customer base or are followed by the people (WHAT IS SOCIAL MEDIA?, 2015). With the growing popularity of the social media it can be said that many multinational companies are using this platform to enhance their image. This form of media plays essential role in shaping up the organization. With the passing days the organizations are now considering a more people oriented job rather than the task oriented job. These are done so as the employees of the organization are able to socially interact with each other and they can generate new ideas and can lead the business to a new direction. Social media has changed the traditional marketing tactics which included the advertisings, public relations, publicity (WALTHER, 1996). More over it has become a part of the life for all the people, whether it is an individual or an organization. It needs to be noted that most of the organization are now using this platform to market their products. The trend is new and has been greatly done for the past 3-4 years. Social media is a computer based application using the internet by which people can exchange information between the users (Soukup, 2004). It can be said the communication in business can reduce the ambiguity and uncertainty of the business. More over it can be said the social media are the shortest route if communication and marketing for an organization. Today there are a number of social mediums or social networking sites like Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, MySpace etc. it was seen that almost 90% of the organizations are using the social media sites to build the companys brand as well the image of the company. It is also to be noted that there are certain conflicts as to whether the company uses the social media as s source of marketing or are they using it for the sake of using. Though on the other hand the organizations must ensure that the social medias (Haythornthwaite, 2005). are used as an effective tool for the communication and not simply using it as a social media like the common people. Thus, building social capital, improving the knowledge sharing, supporting innovation and aid in problem solving are some of the ways the organization can use the social media. 2. How the social media are used to build social capital? The people in the organization are considered to be the assets of the organization which are intangible. The social media can be said as a tool for the sharing of knowledge among the employees so that the organizations can have a competitive advantage over the others in the market. It makes it possible for the people to connect online so that the employees can share their knowledge among the various organizations. Moreover the employee also bring in valuable information to the company, thus it is important for the company to maintain the and manage the social capital of the company (Treem Leonardi, 2015). The advantage of the social capital is that it sets up a communication of among the employees of the organizations as well within the organizations (Gil de Zu niga, Jung Valenzuela, 2015). It also helps to boost the knowledge of the employees; it breaks the ice between the employees as well as develops a stronger relationship among the employees. Moreover the social media are used to exchange the ideas pictures, video and even can support the video conferencing with the employees across the world (Jantsch, 2015). With the increase in the sharing of the knowledge among the employees of the organization, it increases the performances of the organization. It also enhances the personal development of the employees through the sharing of the knowledge as well as develops the team works among the employees. In brief it can be said that the multinational companies will benefit from the development of the social capital (Burke, Huma Marlow, 2015). 3. How the social media can improve the knowledge sharing? The employees share knowledge among themselves when the share information among them. Most multinational organization practices this use and they encourage the employees to share important information as well as access intellectual capital (Knowledge Sharing using Social Media in the Workplace, 2015). There are several organizations where such practices are followed and the employees are rewarded for their actions. In companies like IBMs Lotus Development, a system of rewarding the employees have been initiated so that the employees are more encouraged to share the knowledge. More over the employees are able to produce the information in the annual meeting of the company which develops 25% of the companys development. Through the process of sharing of the knowledge, the individual knowledge of the employees are transferred to the company which improves the innovative ideas being generated within the individuals and ultimately enriches the organization. It also helps the organization to face the competition from the other players in the market. Since the company will be able to gather the knowledge as well as improve them so that they are able to keep up with their competitors. Thus the companies are able to combat the competition from the others in the market or the competitors, so the organization can achieve the goals (Winkelen Tovstiga, 2009). Moreover it was seen that the individual who were interactive were more prone to create knowledge. It can be seen that most of the companies have well developed pages in eth social media, like Vodafone, PG, etc. These companies and many others facilitate the customers to follow them in the social networking sites where the users are able to share the valuable information about the products of the company. It also encourages the company to communicate with the people and get to know the views of the people in personal as it facilitates the easy as well as instant transformation of the message. More over the interaction over the social media helps in the creation of teams of people with discuss matters over this platform. 4. How the social media helps in communication? The social media helps in creating an internal channel of communication within the organization. The communication channel develops between the employees of the organization and the organization itself. This process of communication helps to transfer the knowledge to the various departments of the country as well as in various countries where the company is operating (Maggiani, 2015). The process of communication often helps in the solving of the problem of the company. With this the companies are able to have a healthy communication with the employees vertically as well as horizontally. The employees are able to share their valuable comments and solve complex issues by discussing over the topic. There is an advantage that the social media sets up a communication channel between the external parties and the company. 5. How does the social media support innovation? It can be said that, to sustain the market, it is necessary that the company constantly innovates. With the process of innovation, being in process, new ideas flow in the business. There is more chance that the people in the organization take part in improving the ideas of the business. This is done so that the company in a competitive advantage from the competitors. This can be only ensured if the employees of the company are constantly innovating new ideas (Great Valley Publishing Company, 2015). The social media acts as a platform for the people to discuss ideas with various people from the company or from outside, thus gathering valuable and new ideas. This platform requires no additional cost on the part of the employees and the company thus they are able to concentrate on the generation of the ideas without being to worry about increasing the cost of the company. The market is ever changing and it is the duty of the employees to keep updated in formation of the market scenario so that they are able to see the threats and be alert of the coming situation. Thus the innovation of new ideas are a target that the employees must achieve so that the company can be benefitted; failure of which the company will lose out and the competitors will be ahead of the company. 6. How do the social media help in the process of problem solving? There are constant problems within the organization as well as external to the company, with the external service providers of the company. But the company will be able to solve the problem with the process of communication. It needs to be kept in mind that the various attribute of the social media are inter-connected to each other (Page, 2015). Thus it can be said that with the process of communication and sharing of the knowledge, the problems can be solved to a great extent (Foster, 1999). It can be used as a tool to open a communicating channel between the employees and the external service providers as well employees of other organization. This will in turn lead to solving of the problems which had arisen previously. It must be noted that knowledge sharing of problem areas will ultimately improve the problem to a great deal. This is possible as the social networking sites like Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter provide a one to one relation to the employees. Moreover it needs to be seen that the company will be able to solve the problems of the company as the basic information as well as solutions to the problem can be given to the people through the process of social networking. Moreover the social media provides online solutions to the customers to solve their respective problems. 7. The benefits of using the social media The advantages of the social media are elaborately discussed above. Thus a brief summary is given to assess the advantages of the social media. 7.1 The social media promotes the communication between the employees and the organization- not only the social media provides internal communication of the organization but also external communication. The process of communication also enhances the sharing of knowledge of the organization as it allows everyone to participate (Amine Chatti, 2012). This creates a pool of prospective people who will ultimately share their knowledge over the social media. The employees are able to give in more detail once they share their knowledge with each other. Communication process also increases the chances of the people of the organization to solve their problems internal or external to the company. 7.2 The convenience that the social media provides- it must be kept in mind that the social media has gained a lot of popularity over the last few years. Not only are the people using this platform to share their views, but also the multinational organizations are also using this platform to communicate with the people as well as other organizations (Page, 2015). The popularity of the social media has risen due to the fact that the people are finding it more convenient as well as time saving. Moreover it also facilitates the process of learning and sharing of knowledge among a large number of people, within the organization as well as outside the organization. 7.3 Innovation is enhanced with the help of social media- the increasing usage of the social media helps the employees to innovate various ideas so that it can be implemented to the business and that the company is able to stay in business and have a competitive advantage over their competitors. If the company is not innovative enough then the company can lose out to its competitor (Kenly Poston, 2015). Moreover the employees also change pr remodel the ideas so as to fit with the changing needs of the market. 8. The threats of using the social media Though there are various advantages to of using the social media, the disadvantages of using the social media are also several. The disadvantages of using the social media are: 8.1 There are increased crimes and fraud in the organization due to the technology- the companies should be aware of the increased rate of the cyber crimes that are taking place over the internet. Thus the communication of the employees is under the risk of being impersonate. Thus the company should be aware of the fraud, impersonating that are taking place over the internet so as to stop the piracy of the confidential information. 8.2 The threat of the information being public- there is a greater risk the information being publicized while the employees are using the social media as a tool for the sharing of the knowledge. Moreover there is risk that the employees may leak the secret data of the company to the employees of the other organization (Gehman, 2015). There is also a chance that the companys product may be criticized publicly in the media, and in turn can hamper the image of the company. There is a major threat the company will lose its potential employees or the prospective candidates if there is a bad publicity of the company. As more and more people are using the social media, there are no hidings of the news or bad publicity of the companies thus leading to the disruption in the image of the company. 8.3 There is decreased level of productivity of the organization as well as the employees- if the employees spend most of their time in the social media, then their production level will decrease over time, as they will engage in retrieving information, and not implementing the change in the process (Kenly Poston, 2015). The employees will lose their capability to present before the company any performance, as they will be present physically in the organization, but their work quality will be below the normal. Thus it can be said the employees who engage themselves in the social media during the work hours as they will decrease the product quality and ultimately will let down the image of the organization. 9. Conclusion To conclude it can be said that the social media is a very recent development in the field of marketing of the employees and it should be wisely used by the organization (Mandiberg, 2012). The social media plays an important role in the multinational organization. It helps in the process of communication of the employees among the organizations. It also helps in the development of internal as well as external relationship of the employees which assists in the development of new ideas. The transformation of information of the organization can be the process from the creating of the knowledge to the sharing of the knowledge (Gehman, 2015). Thus the multinational organization will get advantaged if there is an integration of the social media and the management of the knowledge. Apart from the advantages of the social media, it can be said that there are several disadvantages of the social media. There is a threat that the increased use of social media will in turn increase the crime rates and miscommunication within the multinational organizations. Moreover there is a chance that the productivity levels of the individuals as well the company in turn. To control the increased crime rates and the level of miscommunication, the companies should try to enforce the corrective measures as well as implement management policies so as to bring the situation under control (Bryfonski, 2012). It needs to be seen that the processes are implemented, so that the organization are able to take the advantages of the innovation, collaboration, problem solving and social capital within the organization. By doing these the organization will have a competitive advantage over the other companies, and also the performance of the company will improve. 10. References Amine Chatti, Mohamed. 2012. 'Knowledge Management: A Personal Knowledge Network Perspective'.Journal Of Knowledge Management16 (5): 829-844. doi:10.1108/13673271211262835. Bryfonski, Dedria. 2012.The Global Impact Of Social Media. Detroit, MI: Greenhaven Press. Burke, Moira, Robert Kraut Huma, and Cameron Marlow. 2015.Social Capital On Facebook: Differentiating Uses And Users. Ebook. 1st ed. https://www.cameronmarlow.com/media/burke-2011-social.pdf. Foster, Faren. 1999. 'Justifying Knowledge Management Investments'.Knowl. Process Mgmt.6 (3): 154-157. doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1441(199909)6:33.0.co;2-a. Gehman, Stephanie. 2015. '3 Ways To Use Social Media For Product Research And Development'.Http://Www.Socialmediaexaminer.Com. https://www.socialmediaexaminer.com/3-ways-to-use-social-media-for-product-research-and-development/. Gil de Zu niga, Homero, Nakwon Jung, and Sebastian Valenzuela. 2015.Social Media Use For News And Individuals Social Capital, Civic Engagement And Political Participation. Ebook. 1st ed. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2012.01574.x/pdf. Great Valley Publishing Company, Inc. 2015. 'Social Media And Interpersonal Communication'.Socialworktoday.Com. https://www.socialworktoday.com/archive/051313p10.shtml. Haythornthwaite, Caroline. 2005. 'Introduction: Computer-Mediated Collaborative Practices'.Journal Of Computer-Mediated Communication10 (4): 00-00. doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2005.tb00274.x. Jantsch, John. 2015.LetS Talk: Social Media For Small Business. Ebook. 1st ed. Duct Tape Marketing. https://www.ducttapemarketing.com/socialmediaforbusiness.pdf. Kenly, Amy, and Bill Poston. 2015.Social Media And Product Innovation. Ebook. 1st ed. https://kalypso.com/downloads/insights/Kalypso_Social_Media_and_Product_Innovation_1.pdf. Knowledge Sharing Using Social Media In The Workplace. 2015. Ebook. 1st ed. https://www.inholland.nl/NR/rdonlyres/61368031-1083-4D4C-B3C7-DD83F8D96512/0/MasterThesisNicoletteBakhuisen.pdf. Maggiani, Rich. 2015.Social Media And Its Effect On Communication. Ebook. 1st ed. https://www.solari.net/documents/position-papers/Solari-Social-Media-and-Communication.pdf. Mandiberg, Michael. 2012.The Social Media Reader. New York: New York University Press. Page, Damarious. 2015. 'How Technology Can Help Solve Problems Make Decisions'.Small Business - Chron.Com. https://smallbusiness.chron.com/technology-can-solve-problems-make-decisions-34471.html. Socialsignal.com,. 2015. 'How Can Social Media Help Build Social Capital And Social Trust? | Social Signal'. https://www.socialsignal.com/dearsosi/how-can-social-media-help-build-social-capital-and-social-trust. Soukup, Charles. 2004. 'Multimedia Performance In A Computer-Mediated Community: Communication As A Virtual Drama'.Journal Of Computer-Mediated Communication9 (4): 00-00. doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2004.tb00294.x. Treem, Jeffrey W., and Paul M. Leonardi. 2015.Social Media Use In Organizations. Ebook. 1st ed. https://comm.soc.northwestern.edu/leonardi/files/2012/09/socialmedia.pdf. WALTHER, J. B. 1996. 'Computer-Mediated Communication: Impersonal, Interpersonal, And Hyperpersonal Interaction'.Communication Research23 (1): 3-43. doi:10.1177/009365096023001001. what is social media?. 2015. Ebook. 1st ed. https://www.careerbuildercommunications.com/pdf/socialmedia.pdf. Winkelen, Christine Van, and George Tovstiga. 2009. 'Understanding An Organisation's Knowledge-Enabled Innovation Capability'.IJKMS3 (1/2): 97. doi:10.1504/ijkms.2009.023470.

Biographical Analysis of John Mcwhorter Essays

Biographical Analysis of John Mcwhorter Essays Biographical Analysis of John Mcwhorter Paper Biographical Analysis of John Mcwhorter Paper Han Bin Kim Comp II, Class B Assignment 2, Draft 1 February 23, 2013 John McWhorter Interview Over the years I have interviewed a good number of people, but there has never been anyone quite like John McWhorter. Upon reading the article â€Å"The Cosmopolitan Tongue: The Universality of English† as published in the 2009 Fall edition of World Affairs, I found myself delighted by the mellow but powerful tone and the writer who could use it with such ease. Here was a man with brains, consideration, and humor. Lost in my reveries about what McWhorter would be like, I didn’t quite realize that I had somehow dialed his office number until a deep voice filtered through the receiver. â€Å"Yes? McWhorter speaking. † With a tingling sense of nervousness I had forgotten since my rookie days, I introduced myself and asked if he could spare time for a brief interview. He replied, â€Å"Interviews, my dear sir, are rarely brief,† and I could almost hear his smile. There was that brilliant wit which had inspired him to state that there were â€Å"no feminine-gendered tables that talk like Penelope Cruz. (McWhorter, 251) After a turn or two of friendly wrangling, he gently suggested meeting Saturday afternoon at a quiet cafe we both knew. I agreed to the designated rendezvous and, unable to control the temptation, asked, â€Å"How long have you said cafe like that? † The way McWhorter pronounced the word was this: the ‘c’ was sweeter and lighter, in the way I talians and Spaniards speak, and the ‘f’ was said like a soft ‘p’- sounding simply foreign. He said simply, â€Å"Since I was very young. I already knew that he had â€Å"taught himself languages as a hobby since childhood† (McWhorter, 247), and unsatisfied as I was with his answer, I vowed that Saturday would be a new day. On Saturday afternoon I drove down a peaceful country road and walked silently into the cafe. A tall man stood with his back to me, gazing out the large French window, and without prologue asked, â€Å"Isn’t that a beautiful poem right in front of us? Anne Shirley said it a century ago, but I’ll take the liberty to repeat it. The lines and verses are only the outward garments of the poem; the real poem is the soul within them†¦ and that beautiful scene is the soul of an unwritten poem. † I smiled quietly at his analytical but sensitive analogy, reminded immediately of his description of the word ‘al- â€Å"an evergreen branch, a word whose final sound is a whistling past the sides of the tongue that sounds like wind passing through just such a branch. † (McWhorter, 247) I later asked him what his childhood nickname had been, and laughing, he confessed that he had most often been called â€Å"poet†. Small wonder for a man who could condense a long, everyday sentence- say, for example, â€Å"there are an innumerable number of books that could have summed up to no mean weight†- into three pithy, creative, imagery-filled words: â€Å"Bookstore shelves groan. † (McWhorter, 247) He folded his long self into the armchair, crossing his legs, and leaning slightly forward he told me to sit down. As I sat, I remarked, â€Å"You look a great deal like I imagined you to be. † His quiet question and intelligent gaze compelled me to elucidate. I had gathered much of the premises from his writing. The contrasting thoughts â€Å"I hardly rejoice when a language dies† (McWhorter, 247) and â€Å"Would it be inherently evil if there were not 6,000 spoken languages but one? † (McWhorter, 252) could hardly have revealed themselves in a single piece of writing unless the writer was a man of exceptionally precise, cold logic. Thus I had already envisioned the deep-set, handsome eyes that flashed fire from under his brow, and the firmly set mouth. I had also imagined him to be a handsome man, and he was that, too. Humor saved the chin from tapering too sharply, the mouth from being dour: â€Å"Spanish speakers do not go about routinely imagining tables as cooing in feminine tones. † (McWhorter, 249) McWhorter laughed at my analysis, wryly telling me that I should have gone out for professional work in physiognomy, and handed me the menu which the waitress had left by his side. These little considerate actions which I had noticed during the phone call and the three minutes I had met him, inspired me to ask if he had always been so considerate. He looked surprised. I have never thought myself considerate,† he said slowly, â€Å"I am often told that I am too frank with my words. Before I make my opinion on something, I look at it from all perspectives to check that it is perfectly reasonable and logical. But once I make it, I say it without stopping to think if people who think otherwise will be hurt by my words. † I protested. I had already known that he was a considerate per son just by reading his article; namely, the welcoming way with which he drew his readers in: â€Å"Most Americans pronounce disgusting as â€Å"diss-kusting† with a k sound. Try it- you probably do too. )† (McWhorter, 248) The tall man leaned back in the armchair and laughed. â€Å"My dear friend, every writer is obligated to welcome his readers. Readers are the laziest species that ever drew breath, and if they don’t feel welcomed, they won’t read. As for being patient in littler things- well, I don’t know if this is very relevant or not, but I read five versions of the Talmud, each one progressively harder, when I was in middle school. I’m pretty sure junior high was when my interest in Hebrew peaked. The Talmud was a pretty good source of linguistic and cultural knowledge, and some of the moral standards made pretty logical sense, so I adopted them as my own. † It was relevant. Being considerate in a gentlemanly way, however, was different from the deferential attitude that McWhorter always took on when dealing with other cultures. More curious was how completely he seemed to understand each language, from its origin to how the people felt about it- â€Å"Native American groups would bristle at the idea that they are no longer meaningfully â€Å"Indian† simply because they no longer speak their ancestral language. (McWhorter, 249) McWhorter looked a trifle annoyed at first, but gradually his well-shaped face took on more complacent, amused lines. â€Å"I am a writer, and I am a linguist,† he said. â€Å"Both have to do with words- their denotation, connotation, nuance, and power. Knowing the power each word can wield automatically inspires you to feel a cert ain reverence for the English vocabulary in general- I’m sure you’ll agree with me there, sir- and knowing the power each language can wield brings you on your knees before the altar of all languages. † â€Å"But you don’t worship something you know absolutely nothing about,† he aid, gazing out at the sunlit scene again. â€Å"You first make sure that whatever it is, it is something that deserves to be worshipped. So you study the language. From then on, it’s rather like jumping into a river. Jump into the heart of the current, and you will be swept away like a stray autumn leaf. If you give yourself wholeheartedly up for the language to mold, the culture starts to mold you too. And as for the fact that I feel this way towards all languages,† and here a small frown creased his brow as he turned to me again, â€Å"well, it is a shame that this should be surprising, that is all. Each language has a rich legacy, albeit a legacy very different from our own, and they should be respected. † McWhorter’s eloquence touched me, and we talked for two more hours, vacillating from common everyday things I caught glimpses of from his article to fascinating facts I had never dreamed about him. I learned that he had mastered Socrates’ syllogisms at the age of six and Hegelian dialectics at the age of twelve, and that the value he respected most in humanity was its reason. Judging by the cold shoulder he gave his so beloved minority languages in his concluding paragraph- â€Å"We must consider the question in its pure, logical essence† (McWhorter, 252)- it was hardly surprising. More interesting was the fact that he had no less than four dogs at home, each named after a rare language he had specially enjoyed. The latest addition to the family was a darling slender little Chihuahua named Ket, with triple the uncertain grace of awkwardness found in dogs of his species. In the middle of hearing about Ket’s antics, I asked rather abruptly, â€Å"What art form is your favorite? Modernist? † McWhorter looked at me, surprised. â€Å"How did you guess? † I laughed. McWhorter, for a man of such clear-cut logic, enjoyed impossibilities as far as reality allowed- â€Å"The Ket language of Siberia is so awesomely irregular as to seem a work of art. † (McWhorter, 250) It was only natural that he should enjoy Picasso, whose pictures showed sharper intellectual insight, over David or Michelangelo, whose works were but excellent facsimiles of life’s appearance copied onto canvas and marble. Four hours passed by in the blink of an eye and time came for McWhorter to leave. He stood up and cordially shook my hand. â€Å"It was an honor meeting you, sir, though I dare say the interview was not short. † I shook my head. â€Å"No, it was an excellent interview. Thank you very much, Mr. McWhorter. † â€Å"Please, John,† McWhorter smilingly said. â€Å"If there’s one thing I learned from studying languages, it is that names are the essence of culture. I’ve seen many languages that are creative and fiendishly difficult and random- but no language is ever simpler than the other. Each has rich names for the things they treasure most. Native Americans sometimes have odd names; did you know that they have to earn it? But in our culture, we place identification foremost- and thanks be, my name is John McWhorter; John for friends and Mr. McWhorter for editors who don’t like my articles. † â€Å"Aren’t there many Johns here? † I teased, laughing, as I pulled on my coat. McWhorter shook his head. â€Å"None like me, John McWhorter,† he smiled, and treaded lightly out the door.

Judicial Activism - Cons essays

Judicial Activism - Cons essays Judicial activism, a staple of the American court system, has long been under fire for the principle of its design. Allowing crucial decisions to be left to the whim of several select persons is a shaky method of managing the lives of millions. Many will argue that judicial activism, by its nature, is biased, gives too much power to single people, and promotes and helps crime. Judges have final say in important court cases. They hold sway in a criminals life or death, or can opt to let a perpetrator go free. They interpret laws, and perhaps most importantly, determine the constitutionality of controversial legislature. Judges rulings are largely based on personal philosophy and opinion. The agendas of judges are examined almost as closely as those of politicians. Many see this as a flawed system. Theoretically, a law or practice may be constitutional one year, whereas it may be perfectly legal in another. Numerous people deem it wrong that judges can seemingly change the Constitution. It is only the judges who change, not the document our forefathers penned. Presidents and Congress choose the judges who will make these rulings. In fact, presidents often campaign their plans for the court, as Nixon did when he said he would appoint judges who werent so soft on crime (Connolly, 1). This leads to the possibility of an extremely biased court. The President, with a bare majority of the Senate, may appoint to the position anyone he chooses. The entire process requires the concurrence of a mere fifty-two individuals (O'Scannlain, 1). Fairly easily, the President can select judges who will rule in his favor unconditionally. This is not only shady but potentially harmful. Retired Judge Robert Bork said, The liberal elite will stop at nothing to impose its moral and legal framework on the rest of society, and will even use foreign courts, multinational treaties and international ...

Foreign Exchange Markets and Globalization Essay

Foreign Exchange Markets and Globalization - Essay Example For corporations the four main roles of the foreign exchange markets are: currency conversion, currency hedging, currency speculation and currency arbitrage (Madura, 1992). Currency conversion is one of the most used functions of the exchange for corporations trading or doing business internationally. Entities use the exchange to convert one currency to another. From the purchase of finished goods or raw materials from foreign suppliers to being able to sell your product or service internationally being converting one currency to another efficiently is paramount to global business. The foreign exchange quotes two rates the spot and forward rate prices. The current daily exchange rate between two currencies is called the spot exchange rate (Bodie & Kane & Marcus, 2002). It is used for immediate payments or financial transactions. The value of any currency is realized by the interaction between the demand and supply of a currency relative to the demand and supply of other currencies. I t is a dynamic market where rates are constantly changing based on the volume of activity for any given currency. Since a lot of business transactions do not require payment until a later date, the forward exchange rate provides a currency exchange rate for 30, 60 and 90 days.

Be clear like water Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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Journal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 15

Journal - Assignment Example In the same article, the Los Angeles Times describes the action as seemingly a part of a series of disturbing behavior from the military stationed at Afghanistan, continuing to enumerate alarming acts of violence committed by military personnel against people in the middle-eastern country. Before he became US president in 2009, one of the promises Obama made was to pull out the troops in Afghanistan. I strongly believe this promise was one of the reasons Americans voted for him. America had already lost so many men and women to the fighting in Afghanistan and Iraq before Obama entered the presidential race. The people wanted their fathers, mothers, brothers, sisters, husbands, wives, sons and daughters safe back home. It was therefore disappointing that after 3 years, that particular promise has yet to be fulfilled. There is no excuse for the misbehavior American troops are showing in Afghanistan. Nevertheless, for someone who is in a situation where getting to wake up each day is a gift, it is only a matter of time before the stress gets the best of an individual. If President Obama does not want a repeat or similar incidents like these to happen, he should start making good on his promise to bring the troops in Afghanistan back

A Report On IP Video Surveillance

A Report On IP Video Surveillance The report is organized in the following way. The report starts with the introduction of the topic that includes the sub headings of: Aims and Objectives Literature review How does the IP video surveillance works Advantages of the IP video surveillance Disadvantages of the IP video surveillance Comparisons with the traditional video surveillance techniques Purpose of the research This is followed by the second chapter that explains the methodology of the research done. This contains the following sub headings. Definition of the research Reason for the research Research Philosophy Research Approach Research Strategy The research process Sampling of the Data Collection of the Data This is followed by the next chapter which is Findings and Analysis which consists of the following sub headings. Observations made Analysis of the observations. Other critical Findings. Inference and the basic derivations. Limitations of these findings and analysis This is followed by the last chapter which is Conclusion which takes the various aspects of the report and summarizes all the contents. Introduction PURPOSE OF THE RESEARCH This research project which is titled as IP video surveillance in todays business environment is purposed to investigate, identify and explore mainly the following dimensions related to: The advantages and disadvantages of the IP video surveillance over the conventional and the traditional analog video surveillance. Explore the potential of the IP video surveillance in the fields like security, safety, and other business related purposes. Listing the latest and the most recent innovational developments in the field of IP video surveillance. Finding the designs related with the implementation of the IP video surveillance systems. Justifying the investment in the IP video surveillance for the business purposes. The video surveillance is finding the new applications in the physical security and safety in the various fields. To combat with the terrorism and theft along with finding the ways through the technological innovations to protect the personal and group properties and asset, the IP video surveillance technique is presently on its boom. This research project focuses on analyzing such benefits of the implementation of the IP based surveillance of the videos to see how the loss of the property and the time by the theft and other reasons can be avoided that affects the profits and the sales of any business or the organization whether it is a private firm, government organization, manufacturing units, retail stores, etc. The research is also focused on finding the methods and determining its feasibility to develop a security system be it the centralized or the distributed one for the world wide businesses and some other purposes by the use of the IP network enabled instruments for the video capture and other features. Another focus was to analyze the various aspects and protocols needed to assemble the various facilities available in the form of the internet and the world wide web with the various types of cameras and other electronic devices to transmit and receive the videos, communicating the data with the required control and security and the transmission of the related information in the most appropriate and the convenient way so as to seek the ultimate benefits to the business oriented environment. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The main aim of the project IP video surveillance in todays business environment is to determine and study the capacity and potentiality of using the IP video surveillance and finding the most appropriate and feasible applications of it in the todays business environment through an in-depth analysis of its design and implementation. The main objective of this project is to study the over topic IP video surveillance and analyze its productivity and feasibility along with the justifications and the list of the advantageous factors for the implementation of this technology for the business related purposes. Other objectives of this project are also listed below: Exploring and understanding the benefits of using the IP based video surveillance in the security, safety and the management related issues of the business. Getting the justifications for the recommendation of the use of the IP video surveillance for the business purposes. To have a critical understanding of the concepts related with the available IP video surveillance technologies and the pros and cons of each of these concepts if applicable. To indentify the recent and the latest technological innovations in the field of the IP video surveillance with the emphasizing focus on the use of intelligence in the process involved in the form of video analytics. Analyze how the existing equipments and the systems can be utilized with the required modifications in order to get a planned migration from the existing video surveillance to the new technologies of the IP based video surveillance system. To analyze the construction and design for the implementation of the IP video surveillance system. The research will provide a deep insight of the technology of IP video surveillance along with the consideration of the existing, conventional and traditional ways of doing the video surveillance. The research has analyzed the different aspects of the changing trends with the complete overview of the advantages and implications of implementing the technology with the detailed report of benefits related to the security, safety and management of the businesses and their feasibility in the light of its complexity, monetary required and other essential elements. LITERATURE REVIEW In the literature review of this project, I have made a deep study of the published and unpublished work to understand and analyze the different concepts related to the video capturing, surveillance techniques and algorithms, various internet protocols along with the requirements and essential needs for the business professional and firms and the security and safety issues related to it. Several elements and components related with the project were analyzed and studied with the different perspectives to get an idea and the base to predict and get the inferential analysis of the fact and figures to get the final results and conclusions to predict and present the recommendations in the light and support of these analysis. The reviews and the reports were taken as the secondary source of the data which means that they are not based on the new findings or the experimental researches but just the referential reading material containing the data that has evolved out of the previously done researches and experiments to support for the further research and development. (What is a literature review?)It helped me to build the substantial knowledge base and the acquaintance of various methodologies for the study of the taken research project of IP video surveillance with its application in the todays business environment. The reviews and the studies were made from the different available resources like journals, books, reports, published or unpublished interviews, doctoral thesiss, doctoral presentations, newspaper articles, business reports, research papers from the different national and the international conferences and student project reports. This gave me enough insight of the previous researches done and the further research required and also helped me to know my domain of how I can contribute for the further research. These literature reviews also helped me to build up a base full of the knowledge and the logical aspects for the analysis of the information and the data gathered from the intensive interviews conducted. (What is a literature review?) The study of the few statistical concepts were also done to have a better understanding of the data and also for the removal of any undesired and unrequited error that may have crept in due to the negligence or the ignorance of the interviewee. To better understand the concepts of the digital and the analog practices and the technology of the CCTV surveillance I gone through the CCTV Surveillance, second edition book available at the Google books. (Kruegle, CCTV surveillance: analog and digital video practices and technology, 2006) The loss and the crime prevention techniques were studied from the Handbook on the loss prevention and the Crime prevention by the Lawrence J. Fennely which explained the benefits of implementation of CCTV video surveillance to the institutions. (Fennely, Handbook of loss prevention and crime prevention, 2003) The researchers conducted by the IMS showed that the IP video surveillance is the fastest growing field of research in the physical and the remote security. (The business to business trade publication for information and physical Security profe, 2009) The increasing sophistication of the video analyst software and its integration with the other sensors were understood from the book Protecting Privacy in Video Surveillance by Andrew Senior. (Senior, 2009) The changes in the technologies, advantages and disadvantages of the IP video surveillance system, etc were studied from the different sources like an article by Lucy P.Roberts. (How IP-based video surveillance works) There is a growing need for information to support business intelligence application. Business intelligence information such as counting of people going in or out of the store, determining customer shopping habbits, information on the store occupancy information, and the others can be gathered using the video analytics. (Branislav, Embedded Computer Vision, 2009) Besides, several research papers like Towards developing Secure Video Surveillance over IP, Design and implementation of an IP-based Intelligent Video Surveillance System were also studied. Basics The IP video surveillance is one of the most promising technologies of the future that is designed to work on the Internet Protocols and allows the users to get the view of the distant images digitized over the local area or even the wide area network. The devices like high resolution video camera, CCD, etc takes the scene in front of it, converts it to the corresponding digital signal send it over the network, where it is transmitted to the computers, servers, etc to finally reach the destination. The server has the responsibility to manage all these information. These digital images are managed, recorded, displayed, and retransmitted to any part of the world using the various tools and techniques with the various software, hardware and algorithms. The software packages that is involved with the use of the video surveillance can be modified to serve for the various purposes like analyzing the data, selecting some of the features and the objects to watch for, hosting various function s, analyzing the environment, thus building it into the a powerful customizable tool for security and various other purposes. (Video Surveillance Technology) The IP-based digital video surveillance makes the use of CCD cameras which are the charged coupled devices, and use the digital signal processing tools and algorithms that sends the packetized or the buffered video streams over the LAN or WAN using the standard TCP/IP communication. (Video Surveillance Technology) To make the better utilization of the bandwidth, the transmission is done through a Cat 5 cable rather than the coax cable network. The IP video surveillance can also provide various intelligent data mining and information retrieval techniques to smartly analyze and extract the logical information from the video being processed. The tools and techniques like the data encryption and some others can be used to protect the transmitted data against the image processing in order to do away with the security issues if they are essential for the transmission of the videos to the remote locations. The technologies of the IP video surveillance is getting more and more advanced and in the recent developments the companies like D-Link and Linksys have developed such efficient digital cameras that have actually integrated the built-in web servers and no external device or computers are required to operate them with the signals being transmitted directly to the required remote locations for the storage and play-back purposes. (How IP-based video surveillance works) HOW DOES THE IP VIDEO SURVEILLANCE WORKS Earlier the technology that was used for the video surveillance was the analog technology. The process was quite simple with the use of the closed circuit televisions (CCTV) and the recording on the tapes. The recording used to be fine, where the images and the videos were used to get recorded on the storage devices and played back later on for the surveillance purposes but the problem was that it didnt broadcast the actual live information, so although it used to provide the essential information but was obviously impractical for monitoring the remote locations, etc. The quality of the picture was also not very good and also the human reliability was required as someone has to interfere with the system time to time in order to change the tapes regularly, etc. (Networks, 2010) In the simple terms, it provided the video after the happening of the fact and not instantly. With the revolution in the internet technologies in the 1990s and the increasing presence and the demand on the Local Area Network revolutionized the field of the video surveillance too. Now, the traditional analog cameras were able to be replaced by the digital ones and the Charged Coupled Devices (CCD) which came into the existence and gradually became affordable to most of the people. (Networks, 2010) With this revolution in the field, it provided the surveillance to do the important things like going live over the internet or a closed network for the purpose of surveillance, provide the better picture quality, clearer in view which can be easily manipulated. With the digitized images, it became much easier to zoom the images, track the particular scenes and enhance the feature as the user desires which has a large number of applications in law enforcement, defense purpose, research and development processes. (Video Surveillance) ADVANTAGES OF IP VIDEO SURVEILLANCE There are a number of advantages of the IP video surveillance for the home, business, defense, and research related purposes. Some of them are listed below (IP Camera Advantage and Disadvantage): The IP video surveillance can be very efficient in terms of its flexibility as the IP cameras can be highly mobile in the terms that it can be moved anywhere in the network having the IP standard. This mobility and the flexibility can be of very high level in case of the wireless networks. (IP Camera Advantage and Disadvantage) The cameras used in the surveillance, the IP cameras can be provided with the modifications to implement the distributed intelligence. This can be done by the various ways like adding the video analytics right on the cameras allowing it to get the scalability in the analytic solutions. (Benifits of network video Surveillance) The IP video surveillance also allows the two-way audio/video transmission through a single network cable which can allow the users to communicate with what they are seeing. (IP Camera Advantage and Disadvantage) With the development of the type of cameras in this field, various high range cameras with the high resolution which can provide the multi-megapixel resolution of the image and the HDTV image quality as high as 30 frames per second on a normal network. Transmission of the digital commands for the features like pan, tilt and zoom (PTZ) via a single network cable is also possible. (Benifits of network video Surveillance) The transmission of the videos can be done through the various encryption and authentication methods such as WPA, WPA2, WEP, TKIP, AES, etc. (IP Camera Advantage and Disadvantage) Another advantage of this technology is that it is highly remote accessible i.e. the live videos captured from one place can be viewed from anywhere in the world, any computer, any internet enabled device, also from the mobile smart phones, etc even they can be correspondingly viewed from a number of places at the same time. (Benifits of network video Surveillance) For the large systems like those that have more than 25-30 cameras, the IP video surveillance system becomes highly cost effective. The IP video surveillance can also be managed to function over the wireless networks which requires only the initial configuration through the routers after which they are ready to be used in the wireless network. This technique is of the extreme importance for their use in the navigation purposes in the defense forces. (Wireless Internet Video Cameras) The cameras used in the surveillance i.e. the IP cameras mostly do not require the additional power supply and can be operated using the PoE i.e. Power over Ethernet using the PoE protocol which derives the power from the Ethernet cable for the cameras to operate. (Power over Ethernet (PoE)) DISADVANTAGES OF IP VIDEO SURVEILLANCE With the number of advantages of using the IP Video surveillance, there are also few disadvantages related to its use. Some of them are listed below (IP Camera Advantage and Disadvantage): Comparatively high cost related with the surveillance due to higher initial cost related with the camera and its installation except for the cases when the cheap and less expensive webcams are used. (IP Camera Advantage and Disadvantage) If the system is transmitting the videos over the public Internet rather than a private LAN whether it is the CCTV or the DVR system, the system becomes quite opened to the hacking and cracking via the internet. Attackers can attack to the transmission stealing the various personnel, business or defense information which can be very harmful for the users. (IP versus analog cameras) The bandwidth required for the system is very high. A typical CCTV camera system of the resolution of 640X480 pixels and 10 frames per second in the MJPEG mode requires the bandwidth as at least 3 MB/S which is quite high for a normal user. (IP versus analog cameras) The installation procedures of the camera systems are considerably complicated and require the professional technical assistance. (IP Camera Advantage and Disadvantage) COMPARISON WITH THE TRADITIONAL VIDEO SURVEILLANCE TECHNIQUES As described above earlier the analog or CCTV/ DVR system was used for the purpose of the video surveillance instead in comparison to the topic of our discussion which is IP based video surveillance. The comparison is summarized in the following table: Sl no. IP Video Surveillance Analog or CCTV/DVR Video Surveillance 1. The IP based video surveillance means the instant transmission of the images anytime anywhere and in the world. The live transmission of the obtained video is neither possible nor practical. 2. The quality of the recorded video does not decreases with the number of replays or repetitions. The quality of the storage gets poorer an poorer with the repetitions. 3. The IP standard can be used to control a number of cameras at the same time from one remote location 4. The recording on IP basis can be highly compressible and can be transported in the various ranges of formats, size and quality. Storage of the analog videos is generally much more bulky than the digitized ones. 5. Digital picture quality is generally better to that of the analog ones. The image quality is inferior to that which is obtained from the digital ones. 6. Encryption can be done for security purposes for the digital images. There are almost no encryption techniques available for the analog videos. 7. The updating in the requirements can be done very easy and inexpensively by having the updates and add ons in the software package or Internet networking. The updating just means the updating in the hardware. 8. The frame rates are adjustable. Frame rate can adjusted only through the hardware not through any algorithm. 9. The number of cameras can be easily added, removed or modified with very ease. The number of cameras can be added or deleted only in the set of 16 as in the case of DVRs. 10. Sharing can also be done on the wireless networks like Bluetooth, ZigBee, Wifi, etc Only the physical transport of the tapes is possible. 11. Standard IP video compression techniques can also be utilized. These techniques are not applicable here. ibliography Branislav. (2009). Embedded Computer Vision. Springer. Fennely, L. J. (2003). Handbook of loss prevention and crime prevention. Elsevier. How IP-based video surveillance works. (n.d.). Retrieved March 21, 2011, from Video Surveillance Guide: http://www.video-surveillance-guide.com/how-IP-based-video-surveillance-works.htm IP Camera Advantage and Disadvantage. (n.d.). Retrieved March 21, 2011, from IPMarket.Info: http://ipvideomarket.info/report/should_i_use_ip_cameras__reviewing_ip_camera_advantages Kruegle, H. CCTV Surveillance, Videos services and technology. Kruegle, H. (2006). CCTV surveillance: analog and digital video practices and technology. Butterworth-Heinemann. Senior, A. (2009). Protecting Privacy in Video Surveillance. Springer. The business to business trade publication for information and physical Security profe. (2009, February). CXO Media Inc. Vol. 8, No. 1 , p. 36. Video Surveillance. (n.d.). Retrieved March 21, 2011, from Video Surveillance: http://www.videosurveillance.com/

Origins of The Beauty Myth :: Naomi Wolf, The Beauty Myth

Naomi Wolf's "The Beauty Myth," discusses the impact of our male-dominated society upon women. Wolf argues that women's most significant problems associated with societal pressures are a "fairly recent invention," dating back to the 1970s (6). She explains that women have "breached the power structure" by acquiring rights equal to men in areas such as, education, professional careers, and voting. As a result, Wolf suggests that the "beauty myth" is the "last one remaining of the old feminine ideologies that still has the power to control those women" (3). Considering that the beauty myth is women's last battle, the struggle is increasingly more difficult. Wolf claims that women are currently experiencing "a violent backlash against feminism," noting the recent rise in eating disorders, cosmetic surgery, and objectification of women's bodies (3,2). While Wolf accurately defines the beauty myth, she incorrectly states that eating disorders, cosmetic surgery, and pornography are recent issues, resulting from an intentional "backlash" against women's rights. Wolf utilizes the term "the beauty myth" to demonstrate that the interpretation of beauty is a creation of society, intended to keep women trapped inside their bodies. Wolf claims that the beauty myth "is not about women at all." She explains, "it is about men's institutions and institutional power" (5). In addition, she claims that women have recently obtained numerous rights, which now threaten "to destabilize the institutions on which a male-dominated culture has depended." She continues to explain that "a collective panic reaction [†¦] has forced a demand for counter images" (8). Clearly, society as a whole does create pressure on women to act in a certain manner. However, Wolf's implication that it is an intentional, organized effort to keep women oppressed is one-sided and extreme. While Wolf fails to conclusively prove that the beauty myth is an organized group effort, she is certainly correct in her explanation of the symptoms associated with the beauty myth: There is a secret "underlife" poisoning our freedom; infused with notions of beauty, it is a dark vein of self-hatred, physical obsessions, terror of aging, and dread of lost control. (3) According to Laura Shapiro, a notable researcher on eating disorders, the medical condition of anorexia consists of several elements. By definition, anorexia nervosa is a condition characterized by intense fear of gaining weight or becoming obese, as well as a distorted body image, and a feeling of loss of control (Shapiro 69). Origins of The Beauty Myth :: Naomi Wolf, The Beauty Myth Naomi Wolf's "The Beauty Myth," discusses the impact of our male-dominated society upon women. Wolf argues that women's most significant problems associated with societal pressures are a "fairly recent invention," dating back to the 1970s (6). She explains that women have "breached the power structure" by acquiring rights equal to men in areas such as, education, professional careers, and voting. As a result, Wolf suggests that the "beauty myth" is the "last one remaining of the old feminine ideologies that still has the power to control those women" (3). Considering that the beauty myth is women's last battle, the struggle is increasingly more difficult. Wolf claims that women are currently experiencing "a violent backlash against feminism," noting the recent rise in eating disorders, cosmetic surgery, and objectification of women's bodies (3,2). While Wolf accurately defines the beauty myth, she incorrectly states that eating disorders, cosmetic surgery, and pornography are recent issues, resulting from an intentional "backlash" against women's rights. Wolf utilizes the term "the beauty myth" to demonstrate that the interpretation of beauty is a creation of society, intended to keep women trapped inside their bodies. Wolf claims that the beauty myth "is not about women at all." She explains, "it is about men's institutions and institutional power" (5). In addition, she claims that women have recently obtained numerous rights, which now threaten "to destabilize the institutions on which a male-dominated culture has depended." She continues to explain that "a collective panic reaction [†¦] has forced a demand for counter images" (8). Clearly, society as a whole does create pressure on women to act in a certain manner. However, Wolf's implication that it is an intentional, organized effort to keep women oppressed is one-sided and extreme. While Wolf fails to conclusively prove that the beauty myth is an organized group effort, she is certainly correct in her explanation of the symptoms associated with the beauty myth: There is a secret "underlife" poisoning our freedom; infused with notions of beauty, it is a dark vein of self-hatred, physical obsessions, terror of aging, and dread of lost control. (3) According to Laura Shapiro, a notable researcher on eating disorders, the medical condition of anorexia consists of several elements. By definition, anorexia nervosa is a condition characterized by intense fear of gaining weight or becoming obese, as well as a distorted body image, and a feeling of loss of control (Shapiro 69).